Chasidut zu Schir haSchirim 8:78
Kedushat Levi
In support of the arguments just quoted, our author sees further proof in Song of Songs 8,1 where Solomon says: מי יתנך כאח לי, יונק שדי אמי, אמצאך בשוק אשקך, ”if only, when I find You in the street you were like a brother to me, someone who had nursed at my mother’s breast; so that I could kiss you in the street” (a public place, without feeling ashamed). In this verse Solomon alludes to two types of “love,” i.e.אהבה מגולה , “love openly displayed,” and אהבה מסותרת, “loves that is concealed.” The love between a man and his wife is considered as “hidden love,” as it is expressed within the privacy of their home. The love between brother and sister, on the other hand, is described as a love that is openly displayed; so much so, that on occasion brothers and sisters are observed kissing in public and no embarrassment attaches to this display of their fondness for one another in spite of that love being displayed openly.
Solomon portrays the כנסת ישראל, the collective soul of the Jewish people, expressing the wish to be able to display its fondness for G’d and G’d’s fondness for the Jewish people openly, publicly; [although, ideally, the relationship of G’d and the Jewish people is portrayed (allegorically) as like that between groom and bride, a brother-sister type relationship also has its advantages as it may be displayed openly before the gentiles. Ed.] This is an allegory of G’d’s proximity being found in the form of the previously mentioned “sparks” of the Shechinah, in the most unlikely places, “on the street,” as opposed to “inside the synagogue or Yeshivah.” This loving relationship is completely devoid of any physical attraction or desires between the parties concerned. Love such as this, has been described as אהבה עזה כמות, a love as powerful as death, in Song of Songs 8,6. It is recognizable when the person concerned is able to accept painful afflictions as willingly and even joyfully, as he would welcome manifestations of G’d’s grace discernible as such to any ordinary human being. Our sages in B’rachot 54 explain the word מאדך in the first paragraph of the keriyat sh’ma as referring to this kind of love, where the Torah asks us “to love the Lord your G’d with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your capacity.” (Deut.6,5) The word מאד there is understood as an alternative for the word מדה, i.e. we are to accept with love every attribute of G’d with which He sees fit to relate to us. For a person who is truly convinced that everything that the Creator does is intended for our benefit, even if this is not immediately apparent, it is possible to say, without being hypocritical, גם זו לטובה, “this (unwelcome blow of fate), is also meant for the best.”
When a person has attained this level of spiritual maturity, what had been intended by G’d as a reminder that he must perfect himself further, will be converted into an act of Mercy rather than an act of Justice and reproof. When looked at allegorically, this is the message of Deut. 8,15 that “G’d makes water come out of a rock in the desert that is as hard as granite.” The word מים is usually a symbol of “life-giving” material, whereas the word צור, symbolizes something rock-hard, unyielding. The manner in which a person is able to accept what must at first glance appear as a harsh decree by G’d determines the extent to which it is converted into a benevolent decree, something that will be recognized as such retroactively by the person concerned. Yaakov was able to accept what appeared as harsh in such a spirit, thereby displaying what Solomon described in Song of Songs as אהבה עזה, a powerful love for G’d. This is why he was now able to settle in the land in which both his forefathers had always remained “strangers,” though they sojourned there many years, Yitzchok during all of his life. Our author understands the word מגור in the verse above as derived from ויגר, “he was afraid,” i.e. as opposed to his father who was never at ease.
Solomon portrays the כנסת ישראל, the collective soul of the Jewish people, expressing the wish to be able to display its fondness for G’d and G’d’s fondness for the Jewish people openly, publicly; [although, ideally, the relationship of G’d and the Jewish people is portrayed (allegorically) as like that between groom and bride, a brother-sister type relationship also has its advantages as it may be displayed openly before the gentiles. Ed.] This is an allegory of G’d’s proximity being found in the form of the previously mentioned “sparks” of the Shechinah, in the most unlikely places, “on the street,” as opposed to “inside the synagogue or Yeshivah.” This loving relationship is completely devoid of any physical attraction or desires between the parties concerned. Love such as this, has been described as אהבה עזה כמות, a love as powerful as death, in Song of Songs 8,6. It is recognizable when the person concerned is able to accept painful afflictions as willingly and even joyfully, as he would welcome manifestations of G’d’s grace discernible as such to any ordinary human being. Our sages in B’rachot 54 explain the word מאדך in the first paragraph of the keriyat sh’ma as referring to this kind of love, where the Torah asks us “to love the Lord your G’d with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your capacity.” (Deut.6,5) The word מאד there is understood as an alternative for the word מדה, i.e. we are to accept with love every attribute of G’d with which He sees fit to relate to us. For a person who is truly convinced that everything that the Creator does is intended for our benefit, even if this is not immediately apparent, it is possible to say, without being hypocritical, גם זו לטובה, “this (unwelcome blow of fate), is also meant for the best.”
When a person has attained this level of spiritual maturity, what had been intended by G’d as a reminder that he must perfect himself further, will be converted into an act of Mercy rather than an act of Justice and reproof. When looked at allegorically, this is the message of Deut. 8,15 that “G’d makes water come out of a rock in the desert that is as hard as granite.” The word מים is usually a symbol of “life-giving” material, whereas the word צור, symbolizes something rock-hard, unyielding. The manner in which a person is able to accept what must at first glance appear as a harsh decree by G’d determines the extent to which it is converted into a benevolent decree, something that will be recognized as such retroactively by the person concerned. Yaakov was able to accept what appeared as harsh in such a spirit, thereby displaying what Solomon described in Song of Songs as אהבה עזה, a powerful love for G’d. This is why he was now able to settle in the land in which both his forefathers had always remained “strangers,” though they sojourned there many years, Yitzchok during all of his life. Our author understands the word מגור in the verse above as derived from ויגר, “he was afraid,” i.e. as opposed to his father who was never at ease.
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Hakhsharat HaAvrekhim
The chevraya is a crucial element for avodah in general and Chassidus in particular. The Maor VaShemesh tells us,225Parshas Ci Setze “We have seen how in earlier generations, before the dawn of Baal Shem Tov and his way cast its light in the world … every man who had the fear of God in his heart … would seclude himself, away from society or fellowship … some would suffer prolonged fasts and endure mortification of the flesh … of course God wants mans heart, and whenever man’s intention is solely for the sake of God, it is good before God, and yet, this is not the main path in avodas Hashem. The main path, and the foundation stone of all teshuvah is found in the practice of loving friends, close connection with friends, and close connection to the Tsaddik of the generation … a person may feel that his heart is more aroused to return to God’s path in the way of teshuvah, and to cleave to God when he puts himself in seclusion than when he in the company of his beloved friends and ‘listening companions,’226See Shir HaShirim, 8:13 because the company of men causes him to loose his feeling of close connection to God, but regardless of this, it is much more important to strengthen his connection to his friends and his fellowship … for by means of this he has the strength to draw the Divine illumination for the length of his life … and in seclusion he can only sustain it for a short period of time.” So even though our holy forebears would fast and suffer all manner of asceticism in seclusion in order to achieve the intense feeling of connection to God called deveikus, we learn here from the Maor VaShemesh that an avodah together with the fellowship is superior, as its good effects last longer. And now, in our generation, when we no longer have such practices as meditative seclusion and asceticism, the chevraya is even more crucial, both for avodah in general and Chassidus in particular.
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Kedushat Levi
The author now reverts back to Yaakov’s blessing of Yehudah in Genesis 49,10 where Yaakov said: לא יסור שבט מיהודה ומחוקק מבין רגליו, commonly translated as: “the scepter shall not depart from Yehudah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet.” According to our author, if I understood him correctly, a King’s primary concern is the political freedom of the people under his rule and to ensure that they have adequate food supplies. Midrash Tehillim 80,2 alludes to this when it states that the provision of an adequate livelihood is more important than the provision of political freedom, גאולה, as the former is provided by G’d personally, whereas the latter has been entrusted to one of His angels. The author of the Midrash bases himself on Genesis 48,16 where Yaakov commands the “angel” who ensures political freedom, i.e. המלאך הגואל, whereas concerning the provision of adequate food supplies, i.e. livelihood, this is something that G’d personally is involved in, based on David in psalms 145,16 speaking of G’d opening His hand to all living creatures (to supply their needs). In Exodus 23,20 the Torah also writes of the angel that G’d will send ahead of the Jewish people,הנה אנכי שולח מלאך לפניך לשמרך בדרך וגו' , whereas when it came to supplying the manna, the Israelites’ food, no mention is made of an angel being involved. This is also how we must understand Song of Songs 8,10, “then I was in his eyes as someone who has found an abundance of peace.”אז הייתי בעיניו כמוצאת שלום רב. According to the Talmud Pessachim, 87 the composer, Solomon, compares the “bride,” simile for the people of Israel, as feeling secure in the house of her husband, i.e. G’d. In this verse Solomon also distinguishes between the “bride,” and her “breasts” as two different parts of herself, an allusion to the Jewish people either serving the Lord as “recipients,” or as having attained a level where they are entitled to also feel as “donors” vis a vis G’d as we have explained . The bride’s father in law’s house is a simile for the עלמא דנוקבא, whereas when mention is made by the composer of בית אביה, “her father’s house,” this is an allusion to the עלמא דדכורא, “the predominantly masculine domain in the celestial spheres.” When the “human donor” has succeeded to provide his Heavenly Father with joy through the manner in which he serves Him, then, in the words of Rav Chisda, his daughters would provide enduring joy to their husbands.
Having appreciated this concept, we can also understand the verse in which גאולה, “political freedom”, as we termed it earlier, when discussing the comparison made between the relative worth of political freedom and an adequate livelihood in the two verses quoted in Midrash Tehillim, 80,2. This Midrash is based on Bereshit Rabbah 20,9 where two verses are cited, i.e. suggesting that גאולה “redemption” has to occur on two levels. Man has to be redeemed from the repercussions of Adam’s original sin, and we have to be redeemed collectively from the exile in which we have waited for the redeemer for 2000 years.
In the book ראשית חכמה, by the famous Rabbi Eliyahu Vidash, the point is made that due to man’s original sin he had acquired (sustained) a blemish on his soul as an integral part of his being. Just as physical man consists of 248 limbs and 365 tendons, muscular tissue, a total of 613 parts corresponding to the 613 commandments in the written Torah, so there is a parallel division between 248 plus 365 parts in the spiritual part of man, his soul. The “damage” inflicted on our souls is known as חלל. In other words, any sin committed by one of these 613 parts of his body results in commensurate damage, or חלל in his soul. In order to cleanse the soul of these “holes,” it has to spend a period of time in gehinom, purgatory, until this damage has been repaired. This is man’s fate if he has not repented for his sins prior to his death, of course.
When Moses, in Deut. 32,18 says צור ילדך תשי ותשכח אלמחוללך, where the name for G’d as both צור and א-ל is repeated, this is also an allusion to the two types of גאולה, redemption, we need in order to recapture the pure state in which original man had been created. When describing the impending redemption after the people have done teshuvah Moses says:, ושב ה' אלוקיך את שבותך ורחמך ושב וקבצך מכל העמים אשר הפיצך ה' אלוקיך שמה, “and the Lord your G’d will return with your captives and have mercy upon you; and He will return and gather you in from among all the nations that he had scattered you to.” (30,3) The word: ושב, appears to have been repeated twice for no good reason. Actually, this verse alludes to two separate “returns” from “exile,” the physical as well as spiritual exile suffered by the souls. We find that just as when it came to פרנסה, two verses describe that G’d looks after this directly, i.e. for the nourishment of the body as well as that for the soul, so when it comes to “redemption”, a prerequisite for our being able to serve the Lord with maximum devotion, both the body and the damaged soul will be redeemed separately. Alternately, the two verses allude to the concept that G’d is both dispenser of largesse and recipient of the joy and selflessness that some of His creatures display by serve Him.”
Having appreciated this concept, we can also understand the verse in which גאולה, “political freedom”, as we termed it earlier, when discussing the comparison made between the relative worth of political freedom and an adequate livelihood in the two verses quoted in Midrash Tehillim, 80,2. This Midrash is based on Bereshit Rabbah 20,9 where two verses are cited, i.e. suggesting that גאולה “redemption” has to occur on two levels. Man has to be redeemed from the repercussions of Adam’s original sin, and we have to be redeemed collectively from the exile in which we have waited for the redeemer for 2000 years.
In the book ראשית חכמה, by the famous Rabbi Eliyahu Vidash, the point is made that due to man’s original sin he had acquired (sustained) a blemish on his soul as an integral part of his being. Just as physical man consists of 248 limbs and 365 tendons, muscular tissue, a total of 613 parts corresponding to the 613 commandments in the written Torah, so there is a parallel division between 248 plus 365 parts in the spiritual part of man, his soul. The “damage” inflicted on our souls is known as חלל. In other words, any sin committed by one of these 613 parts of his body results in commensurate damage, or חלל in his soul. In order to cleanse the soul of these “holes,” it has to spend a period of time in gehinom, purgatory, until this damage has been repaired. This is man’s fate if he has not repented for his sins prior to his death, of course.
When Moses, in Deut. 32,18 says צור ילדך תשי ותשכח אלמחוללך, where the name for G’d as both צור and א-ל is repeated, this is also an allusion to the two types of גאולה, redemption, we need in order to recapture the pure state in which original man had been created. When describing the impending redemption after the people have done teshuvah Moses says:, ושב ה' אלוקיך את שבותך ורחמך ושב וקבצך מכל העמים אשר הפיצך ה' אלוקיך שמה, “and the Lord your G’d will return with your captives and have mercy upon you; and He will return and gather you in from among all the nations that he had scattered you to.” (30,3) The word: ושב, appears to have been repeated twice for no good reason. Actually, this verse alludes to two separate “returns” from “exile,” the physical as well as spiritual exile suffered by the souls. We find that just as when it came to פרנסה, two verses describe that G’d looks after this directly, i.e. for the nourishment of the body as well as that for the soul, so when it comes to “redemption”, a prerequisite for our being able to serve the Lord with maximum devotion, both the body and the damaged soul will be redeemed separately. Alternately, the two verses allude to the concept that G’d is both dispenser of largesse and recipient of the joy and selflessness that some of His creatures display by serve Him.”
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Yismach Moshe
"Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Let My people go that they may celebrate a festival for Me in the wilderness.” (Exodus 5:1) This can be explained according to what is written in the verse "I was asleep, But my heart was wakeful." (Song of Songs 5:2) This is the idea - every member of Israel should wake with great joy and powerful desire in the middle of the night to contemplate the following. If a king of flesh and blood wanted one to make him a crown, and they were able, and they knew that the king would take great pleasure and delight in this crown, and due to his joy the king would make them one of his intimate ministers, imagine with what alacrity they would arise, rejoicing and glad, to speedily make the crown. They would wipe the sleep from their eyes and neither rain, sleet, ice nor snow would stop them. All the more so this is true of the songs and praises from which a crown is made for the Kinng, king of kings, when they are a product of one's heartfelt will. The verse cries out "worship the LORD in gladness..." (Psalms 100:2) and it is explained in the holy Zohar 'even one who has sinned before their master and must return in repentance, confessing in brokenhearted bitterness, nevertheless must also fulfill "worship the Lord in gladness."' (Zohar 3:8a) The root of the matter is thus - when one prays the midnight fixing (tikkun chatzot) or when they confess, asking for pardon and forgiveness, they should do so with great weeping and bitterness of heart. In the same manner, when one says the songs and praises which were written by the sweet singer of Israel, their soul should ignite with tremendous joy that they merit to make a crown for the King, king of kings - just as King David said them in joy. It is also true that when one is occupied with Torah that they should be in a state of great joy. It is explained in the Reishit Chochmah (Sha'ar HaAhavah ch. 10) that one who desires to bring joy to their soul should seclude themselves for part of the day and contemplate the greatness of the letters of the four-lettered Name of God. A proof for this can be found in what David said "I have placed the Lord (four-lettered name before me continually...So my heart rejoices, my whole being exults..." (Psalms 16:8-9) This second part refers to the soul (neshama) because the neshama is an emanation from the four-lettered Name as it says "You are children of the Lord your God..." (Deuteronomy 14:1) Therefore when one contemplates the four-lettered name, the soul is illuminated and shines with a wondrous brilliance - this is joy. The power of this illumination has the strength to plant its sparks even with one's flesh, so that "...even my body rests secure," (Psalms 16:9) meaning that no rot will rule over it. These are his holy words, see there further. According to this our verse is explained 'Thus says the LORD (the four-lettered Name), the God of Israel, from whom the souls of Israel emanate, Let My people go that they may celebrate a festival for Me - this is as its says regarding Sukkot "You shall rejoice in your festival..." (Deuteronomy 16:14)
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Toldot Yaakov Yosef
(215) And he said "and you will see etc if it is strong or weak" (Numbers 13:17-18) - and this is also the aspect that a person is able to check themselves in whatever level they are, as I wrote before regarding the verse in Song of Songs (Songs 8:1-2) " if only it could be as with a brother,as if you had nursed at my mother’s breast: then I could kiss you when I met you etc" and also regarding the verse in Genesis "they were naked and were not ashamed of themselves" (Genesis 2:25), that a person when checking oneself they know whether they are strong and connected in the service of Hashem, and when it never occurs to the person a laughing thought and a bad and dispersive thought, it is because they were able to divest from the physical, which are the husks and the illusions, and they cling to God and are called "naked" and then they are not ashamed. That is not the case when one thinks of a laughing thought, or the other impediments [to prayer] then one knows that "they are lazy, lazy in the work" (Exodus 5:17) of Hashem. And this is what it means "are they strong or weak": one should know from those signs whether one is strong or weak in the service of Hashem.
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